What is the term that is similar to taxonomy except that crowdsourcing determines the tag or keyword-based classification system?

Which statistical function in a spreadsheet you to see how far each number varies, on average, from the average value of the list?

Apart from confidential information, what other information does nda to outline? ndas not only outline confidential information, but they also enable you to outline .

Suppose you are an ad-serving company and you maintain a log of cookie data for ads you serve to the web pages for a particular vendor (say amazon). a. how can you use this data to determine which are the best ads? b. how can you use this data to determine which are the best ad formats? c. how could you records of past ads and ad clicks to determine which ads to send to a given ip address? d. how could you use this data to determine how well the technique you used in your answer to part c was working? e. how could you use this data to determine that a given ip address is used by more than one person? f. how does having this data give you a competitive advantage vis-à-vis other ad-serving companies?