What system calls have to be executed by a command interpreter? Why is it usually separate from the kernel?

The exec command by interpreter to start new process

Explanation:

On Unix systems, a call to the fork system must be made followed by a call to the e x e c system to begin a new process. The fork call clones the process that is currently running, while the executive call overlays a new process based on a different executable over the calling process.

It is seperate from Kernal because

It Read user commands or a script and execute them, generally turning them into one or more system calls. Is usual It is not part of the kernel since the command interpreter is subject to change.

1. a

2. a

3. d

explanation: