The witness claimed the robber had a gun, although later examination of the surveillance video showed that this was not true. the witness' perception of the event was likely influenced

The witness' perception of the event was likely influenced by:

Schema

Explanation:

The word schema is derived from a Greek word "skhema" that means form, shape or figure.In Psychology, schema is defined as the model of thinking in which an individual makes a pattern about certain experiences and objects. In the future that individual will make decision on the basis of his or her experiences about those objects and incidents.In our example, the witness had a pattern in mind that robber always carry a gun that is why the witness is claiming that robber had a gun even that claim was not true.

Hypothesis: volumes of both figures are equal.the volume of  figure 1 is: .the volume of figure 2 is: .since , you can conclude that and . so, .volumes of figures are equal only when an angle in the basis is right (then figures will be the same), in another cases volume of figure 1 is less than volume of figure 2.the hypothesis was not correct in all cases.