1) what are the two main functions of a datagram-based network layer? what additional functions does a vc-based network layer have? 2) list and describe the atm network service models. 3) compare and contrast link-state and distance-vector routing algorithms. 4) discuss how a hierarchical organization of the internet has to scale to millions of users. 5) it is necessary that every autonomous system use the same intra-autonomous routing algorithm? why or why not?

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a,b,c,d sharing the medium. (a) stations a,b,c,d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful.when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

What is the first view you place in your drawing?

How do you set up a slide show to play continuously, advancing through all the slides without requiring your interaction? a. click set up slide show, and then select the loop continuously until ‘esc' and show without narration options. b. click set up slide show, and then select the loop continuously until ‘esc' and use timings, if present options. c. click set up slide show, and then select the show presenter view and use timings, if present options. d. click set up slide show, and then select the show without animation and browsed at a kiosk (full screen) options.