What are the five layers in the internet protocol stack? what are the principal responsibilities of each of these layers?

The internet protocol (IP) stack consist of the five layers and their functioning which are as follows:-

Application layer:- this layer is responsible for the type of service that is operating the system.It uses protocols like SMTP(Simple mail transfer protocol, FTP(file transfer protocol) etc.Network layer:-this layer is used for the routing and transmission of the data packets through the routes. The exchange of IP packets is done between the server and the client.  Transport layer:-It uses the  protocols TCP(Transmission control protocol) and UDP(User datagram protocol)for splitting the message and sending it to the recipient's address.Data link layer:-it uses the point-to-point protocol for the sending the message from node to node.It also handles the data while inputting and outputting of the physical network.Physical layer:-The working is done in a frame in which the the bits present in one node is transferred to other. It is used for defining the physical parameters like cables, etc.

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