When cells or rows are inserted or deleted in an excel worksheet how are cell reference deletion?

Whenever a new row is inserted, based on the insertion point, the rest of the rows will move down and the reference will be changed accordingly.

Explanation:

Suppose there are 5 columns and ten rows in excel containing the value of student marks from column 2 to 4 in each subject and column 1 contains Student roll number.

There are totally 10 entries in the sheet (number of student = 10) and the column 6 is utilized to calculate total and there is a formula associated to each row to add marks.

When we want to enter another student data below the 5th student, we can insert and the whole row including the formula gets changed thus the reference of formula gets changed. Same is the case for deletion.