Explain why desert soils tend to be rich in minerals but poor in topsoil

Desert soil has poor topsoil and hardly any organic material in it.

This is because regularly watered soil provides the perfect environment for certain bacteria, bugs and other organisms to grow which in turn provide quality topsoil.

In a desert with very little rain, the perfect environment is never produced, which results in a lot of minerals but poor topsoil for any quality agriculture to take place.

Outermost (valence) electrons

The independent variable is the type of music.the dependent variable is the pulse rate.the intervening variable is the age of the subject.if the mother does not like rock, her pulse is likely to not increase.the same might be true for the sister.the friend may like rap and gets excited.to establish cause/effect relationship, all of the subjects must be consistent.hope i .