Is the formation of acid rain an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

Which process does not require the presence of a physical substance in order to transfer heat? air in the atmosphere is heated by the ground. this warm air then rises, and cooler air falls. this is an example of what type of process? how is conduction different from radiation?

Modern pennies are composed of zinc coated with copper. a student determines the mass of a penny to be 2.482 g and then makes several scratches in the copper coaling (to expose the underlying zinc). the student puts the scratched penny in hydrochloric acid, where the following reaction occurs between the zinc and the hcl (the copper remains undissolved): zn(s) + 2 hcl(aq) → h2(g) + zncl(aq)the student collects the hydrogen produced over water at 25 °c. the collected gas occupies a volume of 0.899 l at a total pressure of 79 j mmhg. calculate the percent zinc (by mass) in the penny. (assume that all the zn in the penny dissolves.)

Which of these expressions are correct variations of the combined gas law? p1v1t2 = p2v2t1 both