The chemical reaction shown here, in which a large molecule is broken down into the smaller parts that make it up, is called a reaction

decomposition reaction

Explanation:

The decomposition or analysis reaction (because through it can be studied the chemical elements that give rise to the decomposed substance) is one of the types of chemical reactions in which a given compound, spontaneous if unstable and stable if defragmented chemically, it gives rise to at least two different products. In other words we can define decomposition reactions as reactions where a large molecule is decomposed into the smaller parts that compose it.