Chemistry, 04.08.2019 13:00 live4dramaoy0yf9

Where would the hydrogen ion (h+) [or the hydronium ion (h3o+)] and the hydroxide ion (oh-) come from?

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The ions charge comes from the number of valence electrons. All elements excluding transition metals want to have 8 valence electrons. The first 3 groups will try to lose electrons to get to 8 where as the 5, 6, and 7 ones will try to gain electrons. Hydrogen is to small to get 8 electrons so it settles for 2 like helium because helium is a noble gas. oxygen needs 2 electrons and hydrogen gives one thats hy H is positive H3O is positive and OH is nwgitive.

Answer from: Quest

he would use the colour black

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

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Where would the hydrogen ion (h+) [or the hydronium ion (h3o+)] and the hydroxide ion (oh-) come fro...