What qualities make one theory "better" than another in the scientific community?

Iknow the answer to 13 is b and 14 is d. i just need to know why the correct answers are correct

11. phosphorus-32 is radioactive and has a half life of 14 days. how much of a 124 mg sample of phosphorus-32 is present after 56 days? a) 7.75 mg b) 15.5 mg c) 31.0 mg d) 62.0 mg

1) describe the physical layout of the ocean floor ? 2) explain how the dumbo octopus swims differently than other octopus species and why this would be an advantage in the aphonic zone . 3) why are the types of organisms that live at each underwater hot vent so dramatically different ?