Why does sodium form a 1+ ion but magnesium forms a 2+ ion

Imagine that you have produced several versions of lactase, each of which differs from normal lactase by a single amino acid. describe a test that could indirectly determine which of the versions significantly alters the three-dimensional shape of the lactase protein.

Why is the structure of molecule important to its function?

Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its a) orbitals b) weight c) hydrogen bonds d) mass e) size