People suffering with sickle cell anemia have a structural defect in hemoglobin (HB). The major reason for this structural change is mutation of glutamic acid to valine. This leads to: a. Burying of non-polar amino acids thereby increasing hydrophobic interactions and formation of long fibres.
b. Exposure of polar amino acids, leading to disintegration of hemoglobin.
c. Burying of polar amino acids, leading to disintegration of hemoglobin.
d. Exposure of non-polar amino acids leading to long fiber formation.