Thoroughly explain how you can determine if a molecule is held together by covalent bonds?

Ants live on acacia trees in south america. the ants feed on sugars secreted by the trees. the trees provide room for the ants to live. the ants sting any other insect or animal that comes to eat the trees. what type of relationship is this?

One way in which the useful metal copper is produced is by dissolving the mineral azurite, which contains copper(ii) carbonate, in concentrated sulfuric acid. the sulfuric acid reacts with the copper(ii) carbonate to produce a blue solution of copper(ii) sulfate. scrap iron is then added to this solution, and pure copper metal precipitates out because of the following chemical reaction: (s) (aq) (s) (aq) suppose an industrial quality-control chemist analyzes a sample from a copper processing plant in the following way. he adds powdered iron to a copper(ii) sulfate sample from the plant until no more copper will precipitate. he then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate, and finds that it has a mass of .

What is the work done by the electric force to move a 1 c charge from a to b?