explain why the metal lid of a bottle or jar unscrews more easily after holding it in a boiling water for a few minutes

Consider the following system at equilibrium. caco3(s) ca2+(aq) + co32–(aq) the addition of which compound will cause a shift in equilibrium because of a common ion effect? ccl4 co2 cuso4 na2co3

Achemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. the chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solution containing 0.75 grams of copper (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. which statement explains the maximum amount of copper that the chemist can extract using this reaction? a) approximately 0.36 grams, because copper (ii) chloride acts as a limiting reactant b) approximately 1.8 grams, because copper (ii) chloride acts as a limiting reactant c) approximately 0.36 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant d) approximately 1.8 grams, because aluminum acts as a limiting reactant

Which of these conditions most likely produces an unstable isotope?