In carrying out a titration of a hydrochloric acid solution with a standard sodium hydroxide solution, a student went beyond the end point before reading the volume on the beret. That is, the volume used was larger than the volume required to reach the end point. How will this error affect the calculated concentrations of the hydrochloric acid? A. The calculated concentration will be higher than the actual concentration.
B. The calculated concentration will be the actual concentration.
C. The calculated concentration will be lower than the actual concentration.
D. There is no way to tell how this error will affect the calculation.
E. The calculated concentration will be the correct concentration.