What is the name for the rocky upper layer of the solid earth ? a . biosphere
b . atmosphere
c . magnetosphere
d . lithosphere

PLEASE HELPP !!

Which element in the third period would you expect to have the larger atomic radius, sodium (na) or sulfur (s)? a. sodium, because it has a higher effective nuclear charge attracting electrons in fewer energy levels. b. sodium, because it has fewer protons attracting electrons in the same energy levels. c. sulfur, because it has more protons attracting electrons in more energy levels. d. sulfur, because it has a higher effective nuclear charge attracting electrons in the same energy levels.

What are the spectator ions in 2h+ + so42- + ca2+ + 2r → caso4 + 2h+ + 21?

Hydrogenation reactions, in which h2 and an "unsaturated" organic compound combine, are used in the food, fuel, and polymer industries. in the simplest case, ethene (c2h4) and h2 form ethane (c2h6). if 140 kj is given off per mole of c2h4 reacting, how much heat (in mj) is released when 12 kg of c2h6 forms?