(Q1) State weather each of the following compounds is ionic or covalent: Q2) A: what is meant by a covalent bond? How does this bond hold two atoms together?

Q3) Draw dot-and-cross diagrams (showing outer shell electrons
Only) to show the covalent bonding in

Q4) Explain why carbon dioxide sublimes at -78.5°C but Diamond sublimes at around 4000°C.

Q5) Hexane has the formula C6H14, it is a liquid at room temperature.

Q6) Explain the following in terms of structure and bonding.

7. using your knowledge of colligative properties explain whether sodium chloride or calcium chloride would be a more effective substance to melt the ice on a slick sidewalk. use 3 – 4 sentences in your explanation. 8. when a 2.5 mol of sugar (c12h22o11) are added to a certain amount of water the boiling point is raised by 1 celsius degree. if 2.5 mol of aluminum nitrate is added to the same amount of water, by how much will the boiling point be changed? show all calculations leading to your answer or use 3 – 4 sentences to explain your answer. 9. if 5.40 kcal of heat is added to 1.00 kg of water at 100⁰c, how much steam at 100⁰c is produced? show all calculations leading to an answer. 10. the freezing of water at 0⁰c can be represented as follows: h2o (l) ↔ h2o(s) the density of liquid water is 1.00 g/cm3. the density of ice is 0.92 g/cm3. in 3 – 4 sentences explain why applying pressure causes ice to melt.