What causes large ice crystals to form on frozen food and its packaging?

What stress will shift the following equilibrium system to the left? n2(g) + 3h2(g) ⇌ 2nh3(g) adding more n2(g) adding more nh3(g) increasing the pressure of the system reducing the volume of the container

In the following redox reaction which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent? alcl3 + na nacl + al oxidizing agent = reducing agent =

)benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. consider an equimolar solution of benzene and toluene. at 20 °c the vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 9.9 kpa and 2.9 kpa, respectively. the solution is boiled by reducing the external pressure below the vapour pressure. calculate (i) the pressure when boiling begins, (ii) the composition of each component in the vapour, and (iii) the vapour pressure when only a few drops of liquid remain. assume that the rate of vaporization is low enough for the temperature to remain constant at 20 °c.