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what is the importance of a vacuum layer

A vacuum flask is usually used to insulate it's contents… I've used them for a multitude of things ranging from keeping my coffee warm, to keeping liquid nitrogen from evaporating.

The reason these types of flasks are so efficient has to do with their thermodynamic properties. To understand how a vacuum flask works, we need to know the basic properties of a vacuum. Air just like any other molecule is a conductor of heat.

Firstly, a “layer of vacuum” is created around the thermos, it's crucial that the chamber is depressurized*.

It prevents heat transfer by radiation, and the vacuum between double wall prevents heat moving by convection.

Explanation:

the density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3

the relation between density and mass and volume is

density = mass / volume

given :

mass of gold = 13 g

density = 13g / volume = 19.3

volume = 13 /19.3 = 0.67 cm^3

thus volume of gold nugget = 0.67 cm^3