Why is it necessary for the spins of two electrons that occupy one orbital, to be in the opposite directions? What is that law called?

Consider the elements bromine and chlorine; which elements has a larger ionic radius ?

What happened to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 2010–2017?

In vapor-liquid equilibrium in a binary mixture, both components are generally present in both phases. how many degrees of freedom are there for such a system? the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia occurs in the gas phase. how many degrees of freedom are there for this system? steam and coal react at high temperatures to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. the following reactions have been suggested as being involved in the chemical transformation: