Use the information from the passage to answer the following questions Supramolecular chemistry involves the study of noncovalent interactions within and between molecules. For years chemists have focused on studying molecules and compounds that are held together by covalent bonds and ionic bonds, and how these bonds are formed and broken during chemical reactions. But now researchers in supramolecular chemistry are studying the weaker electrostatic attractions and reversible noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding. b) How are ionic and covalent bonds different from hydrogen bonds

the answer is: they rebelled against saddam hussein’s rule.

kurds opposed saddam rule and wanted independence. kurds in the north and shiites in the south revolt against hussein.

for example, the halabja attack in 1988 conducted against the kurdish people by the iraqi regime under saddam hussein, where between 4000 people are killed and around 9000 are injured.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.