Chapter 1 Interpreting Graphics Figure 1 Separation of a mixture of chemicals. Component A is moving along the column
faster than Component B, which is moving faster than Component C.
Liquid chromatography (LC) is a technique often used by analytical chemists to
separate the components of a mixture. In liquid chromatography, a mixture is placed
at one end of a long tube, or column, which is packed with microscopic beads. The
components in the mixture move from one end of the column to the other by means
of a liquid that is flowing through the column. Different components move along the
column at different rates. Each component of a mixture has a characteristic retention
time, or time it takes the component to cross the column.
When a component reaches the end of the column, it passes through a detector,
which plots the amount of material exiting the column against time.

Questions:
1.) How many components were present in the original Mixture?
2.) Which component has a retention time of approximately 8 minutes?
3.) What is the approximate time of component B?
4.) Which component crossed the column first? (Shortest retention time)
5.) Which component crossed through the column last?
6.) Which of the components in the mixture was present in the greatest amount (greatest peak area in the detector plot)?

They are all solids.

  remember that hf is only the energy of one photon. not two. not three. one.  1) 5.12 * 10^3 photons  find the energy of one photon, then determine how many photons are needed to reach the sensitivity.  e = hf  = (6.626 * 10^-34 js)(5.95 * 10^19 hz)  = 3.94247 * 10^-14 j per photon  (2.02 * 10^-10 j) / (3.94247 * 10^-14 j/photon) = 5123.69149 photons  round to three sig figs.  2) 5.77 * 10^-17 j  energy of pulse = energy per photon * number of photons  = hfn  = (6.626 * 10^-34 js)(1.66 * 10^13 hz)(5250)  = 5.774559 * 10^-17 j  round to three sig figs.  3) 4.07 * 10^8 kj/mol  10^12 pm = 1 m  c = fλ  f = c/λ  e = hf  = hc/λ  = [(6.626 * 10^-34 js)(3.00 * 10^8 m/s) / (2.94 * 10^-12 m)](1 kj/1000 j)(6.02 * 10^23 photons/mol)  = 40702571.4 kj/mol  round to three sig figs.  4) 9.94 * 10^-1 m  e = hc/λ  λ = hc / e  = (6.626 * 10^-34 js)(3.00 * 10^8 m/s) / (2.00 * 10^-25 j)  = 0.9939 m  round to three sig figs.  5) 9.06 * 10^3 photons  energy of pulse = energy per photon * number of photons  number of photons = energy of pulse / energy per photon  = energy of pulse / (hf)  = (3.87 * 10^-13 j) / [(6.626 * 10^-34 js)(6.45 * 10^16 hz)]  = 9055.23695 photons  round to three sig figs.  6) 2.78 * 10^-15 j  this is problem 1, except in reverse.  sensitivity = minumum number of photons * energy per photon  = (5930)(6.626 * 10^-34 js)(7.077 * 10^14 hz)  = 2.78070758 × 10^-15 j  round to three sig figs.

The phase where ice changes directly to gas is called sublimation 

Hcn is the correct answer leave a good rate and .