(d) If 40.0 mL of the original solution are added to enough water to make 135 mL of solution, what is the molarity of the diluted solution?

The mass has escaped into a gas which you can not see so the law stays true.

If a hydrogen atom is neutral, it must also have  one electron. an oxygen atom (o) has an atomic number of eight (8). this means a neutral oxygen atom has eight protons and eight electrons. the element actium (ac) has an atomic number of 89, so it has 89 protons and 89 electrons in a neutral atom

Ions gain or lose electrons