Explain how each of the following tools help scientists observe things. Help me with the first one

Acylinder is filled with 2.00 moles of nitrogen, 3.00 moles of argon and 5.00 moles of helium. if the gas mixture is at stp, what is the partial pressure of the argon

Explanation for basic character?

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false