The following diagram shows the branching tree diagram for some animals. A slanting line is shown. There are five lines drawn vertically on this line at equal intervals. Shark, Frog, Kangaroo, Lion and Chimpanzee are written on top of each vertical line in order from left to right. Common Ancestor is written on the left end of the line. There is a black circle between each pair of these vertical lines. The first black circle is before Shark and says Vertebrae. The second black circle is between Shark and Frog and says Lungs. The third black circle is between Frog and Kangaroo and says Mammary gland. The fourth black circle is between Kangaroo and Lion and says Placenta. The fifth black circle is between Lion and Chimpanzee and says Large brain.

Which two organisms share the least number of derived characteristics?

Frog and kangaroo
Kangaroo and chimpanzee
Lion and chimpanzee
Shark and chimpanzee

in the analysis of systems that involve fluid flow, we frequently encounter the combination of properties u and pv.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.