I'm taking mid-terms help please!!! Compare and contrast the 4 different Polyatomic Ions: Hypochlorite, Chlorite, Chlorate and Perchlorate. What is the same, and what is different about EACH of them?

Some elements are able to form more than one oxyanion (polyatomic ions that contain oxygen), each containing a different number of oxygen atoms. For example, chlorine can combine with oxygen in four ways to form four different oxyanions: ClO4−, ClO3−, ClO2−, and ClO−. (Note that in a family of oxyanions, the charge remains the same; only the number of oxygen atoms varies.)

The most common of the chlorine oxyanions is chlorate, ClO3−. In fact, you will generally find that the most common of an element’s oxyanions has a name with the form (root)ate. These can be memorized from See below. The names of the other possible oxyanions are determined as follows (see below).

The anion with one more oxygen atom than the (root)ate anion is named by putting per- at the beginning of the root and -ate at the end. For example, ClO4− is perchlorate.

The anion with one fewer oxygen atom than the (root)ate anion is named with -ite on the end of the root. ClO2− is chlorite.

The anion with two less oxygen atoms than the (root)ate anion is named by putting hypo- at the beginning of the root and -ite at the end. ClO− is hypochlorite.