Explain how the extraction methods for coal, petroleum, and natural gas are based on their phase, or state, of matter.

Spontaneity tell us the direction of the reaction, but not how fast it goes. gibbs free energy brings together enthalpy, entropy and temperature in one easy formula. g = h - ts. and, finally the sign of delta g is always negative for a spontaneous reaction.

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The atomic nucleus made up from protons (yellow) and neutrons (blue) and held together by nuclear forces. nuclear forces (also known as nuclear interactions or strong forces) are the forces that act between two or more nucleons. they bind protons and neutrons (“nucleons”) into atomic