Which type of reaction occurs when a high energy particle collides with the nucleus of an atom, converting that atom to an atom of a different element?
(1) addition (3) substitution
(2) neutralization (4) transmutation

(4) transmutation

Explanation:

Addition reaction is defined as the reaction in which two reactants get added to give single product.

Substitution reaction is defined as the reaction in which one atom replaces the other atom from the compound.

Neutralization reaction  is defined as the chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and water molecule.

Transmutation is a chemical reaction in which nucleus of the atom undergoes a change by radioactive decay and thus result into formation of new nucleus.

in the analysis of systems that involve fluid flow, we frequently encounter the combination of properties u and pv.