Which arrangement correctly categorizes the above processes into either spontaneous or nonspontaneous processes? i. glucose breaks down in our bodies to provide energy. ii. a lump of sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee. iii. a candle burns. iv. ice cream melts on a hot day. v. food is refrigerated in a refrigerator. vi. a drop of food coloring spreads in a glass of water. answer choices: a. spontaneous: i nonspontaneous: ii, iii, iv, v, vi b. spontaneous: i, ii, v nonspontaneous: iii, iv, vi c. spontaneous: i, ii, iii, iv, vi nonspontaneous: v d. spontaneous: i, ii, v nonspontaneous: iii, iv, vi

c. spontaneous: i, ii, iii, iv, vi nonspontaneous: v

Explanation: Spontaneous processes are those which happen on their own or with a certain initiation from outside.

Non spontaneous processes are those which do not happen on their own and continuous supply of energy required to complete the process.

i.  Glucose breaks down in our bodies to provide energy: This happens without any use of external energy.

ii. A lump of sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee on its own and hence a spontaneous process.

iii. A candle burns: This requires a initiation in the form of heat but then happen on its own thus a spontaneous process.

iv. Ice cream melts on a hot day: This happens on it own and thus a spontaneous process.

v.  Food is refrigerated in a refrigerator: the food is refrigerated by use of external source and can only refrigerate by continuous supply of energy.

vi. A drop of food coloring spreads in a glass of water: This happens on it own and thus a spontaneous process

the answer is c i believe

the ideal gas law equation is as follows

pv = nrt

where p - pressure

v - volume

n - number of moles

r - universal gas constant

t - temperature

so if the pressure, volume and temperature are already known

we are left with n and r

since r is the universal gas constant that has a known fixed value then r too is known

so we are left with 'n'

once we know temperature volume and pressure

we can find the number of moles of gas present using the ideal gas law equation

this is not my own answer, this is an answer for the same question by the user blahblahmali. i do not claim ownership of this account.