As it grows from a seed to a mature plant, a plant will grow taller and thicker. which are abiotic factors most responsible for the increase in the mass of the plant?

By definition, when we say abiotic factors, these are the chemical or physical factors of the environment that affect the living organisms and the functions in the ecosystem. The abiotic factors that would be most responsible for the increase in the mass of the plant are water, and sunlight. These are necessary in the process of photosynthesis. Hope this answer helps. 

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