How much does a 45% solution of de-icing fluid lower freezing point of water?

It lowers the freezing point by 30 °C

Explanation:

In the picture attached, the curve freezing point vs de-icing fluid concentration is shown. We can see that a 45% solution of de-icing fluid makes the freezing point of water -30 °C, that is, 30 °C below the pure water freezing point.

coral.

explanation:

coral. many marine organisms that produce calcium carbonate shells or skeletons are negatively impacted by increasing co2 levels and decreasing ph in seawater.