(a) Using the expression Ka=[H+][A−][HA] , explain how to determine which solution has the lower pH , 0.10MHF(aq) or 0.10MHC2H3O2(aq) . Do not perform any numerical calculations.

Ka=[H+][A−]/[HA]

which solution has the lower pH, 0.10MHF(aq) or 0.10MHC2H3O2(aq) :

Higher value of Ka indicates greater ionization thus more protons in solution, higher H+ concentration in solution means lower pH value.

Since HF have higher Ka have, thus HF solution will have lower pH.

atomic number of carbon is 6

electronic configuration of carbon is 1s²2s²2p²

orbital diagram of carbon is as shown here in the image.

each chemical family is represented as a group or column on the periodic table. based on chemical properties, there are 6 types of chemical families. group 1 represents alkali metals, group 2 represents alkaline earth metals, groups 3 to 12 represent transition metals, groups 13 to 16 represent non-metals and other metals, group 17 represents halogens and group 18 represents noble gases.