Name the kinds of attractive forces that must be overcome in order to do the following. (Select all that apply.) (a) boil liquid ammonia dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds (b) melt solid phosphorus (P4) dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds (c) dissolve CsI in liquid HF dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds (d) melt potassium metal dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds

a) dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds

b) dispersion forces

c) ion-ion interparticle forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole forces

d) metallic bonds

Explanation:

The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles(Chem Purdue). Dipole forces exists in all molecules but not in metals.

The intermolecular forces present in each substance must be broken before the stated process can occur.

The nature of intermolecular forces in each substance has been shown in the answer section.

For ammonia, the dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen  bonds must be degraded before liquid ammonia begins to boil.

For solid phosphorus which is non polar, only dispersion forces needs to be broken.

To dissolve CsI in HF, ion-ion interparticle forces of CsI must be broken while the dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces and  hydrogen bonds between HF molecules must be broken.

Potassium metal is a pure metal hence only metallic bonds must be broken in order to melt the solid.

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