Pt 1 - A glass bottle, which is half-filled with water, has a balloon attached to its opening. The bottle is placed in a hot water bath for some time. Explain the change to the size of the balloon based on the kinetic molecular theory. Pt 2 - What would most likely happen to the balloon if the bottle was then placed into a jar of cold water with ice cubes? Explain your answer based on the kinetic molecular theory.

In both cases, assume the balloon is attached tightly enough so that air does not escape the system.

See below

Explanation:

Part 1: As the water and air present in the bottle are heated, the molecules of air will move faster due to an increase of kinetic energy. Some air molecules will enter the balloon, causing it to expand. In addition, if the temperature is hot enough for the water to boil, the water molecules will turn into vapor. They will then enter the balloon and cause it to expand.

Part 2: The opposite reaction will occur to the balloon if it was placed on a jar of cold water with ice cubes. Molecular motion will slow down in the bottle while the molecules in the balloon move faster since the temperature of the balloon has not changed.

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.