What do you call a germanium atom if you remove 2 protons? What do you call a germanium atom with 2 less neutrons?

Which of the following elements would you expect to have the lowest ionization energy value? fluorine, lithium, neon, nitrogen

How do scientists think that gravity affected the formation of our solar system?

Given that 1 mi = 1760 yd, determine what conver- sion factor is appropriate to convert 1849 yd to miles; to convert 2.781 mi to yards.