Classify each of the following as an example of a mandatory, discretionary, or originator controlled policy, or a combination thereof. Justify your answers. a. The file access control mechanisms of the UNIX operating system
b. A system in which no memorandum can be distributed without the author's consent
c. A military facility in which only generals can enter a particular room
d. A university registrar's office, in which a faculty member can see the grades of a particular student provided that the student has given written permission for the faculty member to see them.

Classifications according to mandatory, discretionary, or originator controlled policy, or a combination thereof:

a. Mandatory

b. Originator

c. Discretionary

d. Mandatory and Originator combined

Explanation:

a) Mandatory control means that access to the UNIX operating system is restricted.

b) Originator controlled policy implies that the memorandum cannot be distributed without the author's consent or permission.

c) Discretionary means that only certain authorized users, for example, generals, can access the particular room.

d) Combined Mandatory and Originator means that while access is restricted to some people, the originator's consent is still required before access can be granted to the faculty member.

in the analysis of systems that involve fluid flow, we frequently encounter the combination of properties u and pv.