Calcium is a metal. Word equations for two reactions of calcium are shown.
calcium + oxygen
→ calcium oxide
calcium + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + hydrogen
The equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with calcium is
Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2
Calculate the maximum mass of calcium chloride produced by reacting 8.02 grams of
calcium with excess hydrochloric acid.
relative atomic mass: Ca = 40.1
relative formula mass: CaCl2 = 111.1
Show your working.

22.22 g

Explanation:

The balanced reaction equation is;

Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Number of moles of calcium reacted = 8.02g/40.1g/mol = 0.2 moles of Calcium

From the reaction equation;

1 mole of Ca yields 1 mole of CaCl2

Hence 0.2 moles of Ca also yields 0.2 moles of CaCl2

Mass of calcium chloride produced = number of moles * molar mass

Mass of calcium chloride = 0.2 moles of CaCl2 * 111.1g/mol = 22.22 g

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.