Which formula represents a polar molecule
containing polar covalent bonds?
A. H2O
B. CO2
C. NaCL
D. Cl2

A. H2O

Explanation:

Let us first define the three types of bonds:

1. Nonpolar Covalent: electronegativity difference < 0.4

2. Polar Covalent: electronegativity difference between 0.4 and 1.8

3. Ionic: electronegativity difference > 1.8

This will help us eliminate choices C and D:

-NaCl has a electronegativity difference of 3.0 - 0.9 = 2.1 (ionic bond)

-Cl2 has a electronegativity difference of 3.0 - 3.0 = 0 (nonpolar covalent bond)

However, we still have two more options, A and B, but they are not diatomic for us to use the electronegativity differences with.

We must now consult their geometries. Because CO2 has a linear geometry (O=C=O), the two sides will cancel each other out, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond. At this point, by process of elimination, we can already determine the answer to be A. H2O. We can verify this by looking at the geometry of H2O, which is bent (H-O-H; imagine the O is above the H's, I cannot draw it in this response). H2O's bent geometry classifies it as polar covalent; the electrons are slightly more attracted towards the O, the more electronegative element. Side note: this makes the O slightly more negative in charge, whilst the H's are slightly more positive in charge.

P.S. I apologize for not being able to draw and demonstrate that last paragraph, but I hope you get a general idea. You can search up the "H2O geometry" and "CO2 geometry" to get a better idea! :)

the leaf is an organ of a typical plant, and the main functions are to complete photosynthesis and allow the plant to exchange gas, just like how we have the respiratory system. leaves have the stomata, which collects maintains co2 and o2 levels. this is necessary for cell metabolism. the leaf also collects sunlight using chloroplasts. succinctly, leaves own a pivotal role in sustaining plant life.

d.) circle motion requires a force to give it a centripetal acceleration.