What is the arrangement of the modern periodic table based upon

The modern table is a list of elements based on the number of protons in the nucleus.

Explanation:

That’s the positive charge of the nucleus. Then it is organised into rows and columns based on repeating patterns of chemical similarity within that series, other words “periodicity”. That is why it is called the periodic table.

the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be