13. What is the charge of an aluminum ion that has 13 protons and 10 electrons?

+ 3

Ex planation:

Al3+ indicates an ion of aluminum having a charge of + 3. I.e., since an aluminum atom normally has 13 protons and 13 electrons, this ion has 10 electrons (-10 charge) and 13 protons (+ 13 charge) giving it a charge of + 3 (-10 + 13 = +3).

hope this helps!

- both b and d.

-since b and d are the closest coastlines then that makes it the most affected.

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