Define electromagnetic radiation. the complete range of electromagnetic waves placed in order of increasing frequency is called Electromagnetic Spectrum.

a wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields

the transfer of energy by waves traveling through matter or across empty space.

he uptake of drugs from the intestine is often strongly influenced by diffusion. for example, consider a water-insoluble steroid for treating inflammation that is solubilized in aggregates of detergent molecules, called micelles. these micelles, aggregates of 80 soap molecules, have a molecular weight of 24,000, a diameter of 2.6 nm, and a charge of -27. the positively charge ions (counterions) in this system are na".

o conteúdo de calor de um sistema é igual à entalpia apenas para um sistema que é constante