The titration of Na2CO3 with HCl has the following qualitative profile: a. Identify the major species in solution at points A-F. b. Calculate the pH at the halfway points to equivalence, B and D. [Key

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Solution:

Note: This question is incomplete and lacks very important data to solve this question. But I have found the similar question which shows the profiles about which question discusses. Using the data from that question, I have solved the question.

a) We need to find the major species from A to F.

Major Species at A:

1.

Major Species at B:

1.

2.

Major Species at C:

1.

Major Species at D:

1.

2.

Major Species at E:

1.

Major Species at F:

1.

b) pH calculation:

At Halfway point B:

pH = pK + log[]/[H]

pH = pK = 6.35

Similarly, at halfway point D.  

At point D,

pH = pK + log [H]/[H2]

pH = pK = 10.33

the dependant variable is spilled water

the independent is the heat

atomic mass = 39

number of neutrons = 20

number of protons= 19

electronic configuration = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

the number of electron in first shell = 2

number of electrons in n=3 shell = 8