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Scientists often deal with numbers that are either very large or very small. for example, the radius of the sun is approximately 696,000 kilometers, while bacterial cells are as small as 1.9 × 10-4 millimeters. express each of these numbers in an alternate form.

Two like-charged particles are placed close to each other. how would the force of repulsion be affected if the charge on one of the particles is doubled and that on the other is reduced to half the original value?

3. consider a process in which a gas with the properties of air expands at constant pressure as described by the cups of air discussion in class. one kilogram of air starts out at 1 atm and 290 k. the air expands its volume by absorbing a sufficient amount of thermal energy to increase the temperature at constant pressure to 350 k. a. on a p-v diagram, sketch this process with point a as the starting point and point b as the ending point. b. if the process is completely reversible, calculate the thermal energy added from an external source. c. calculate the entropy change for this process assuming it is reversible. d. calculate the work delivered externally if this is a reversible process. e. if the process is completely irreversible, calculate the amount of entropy change for the process that is due to irreversibilities. f. if the process is completely irreversible, calculate the amount of thermal energy added from an external source and compare this result to the thermal energy calculated in part b. g. for the completely irreversible process, calculate the entropy change due to this thermal energy addition. h. for the completely irreversible process, calculate the total entropy change and compare it to the entropy change in part c.