QuesLIVII 2 PUNILS) Explain the difference between ionic, polar covalent and nonpolar covalent bonds and how
electrons are used in the bond. Use the table below to identify the bond present in the 5
molecules. Show your calculations of the electronegativity difference between elements to
support the identified bond.
Element
Carbon
Nitrogen Sodium Chlorine Magnesium Fluorine Hydrogen
(N)
(Mg) (F) (H)
(Na)
(CI)
Electronegativity
2.5
Value
3.0
0.9
3.0
1.2
4.0
2.1
a) MgCl2
b) F2
c) NaCl
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Explanation:

An ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Typically, ionic bond occurs between a metal and a non metal such as between Na and Cl.

A polar covalent bond occurs between  two elements having a significant difference in elctronegativity. As a result of this, the shared electron pair is closer to the more electronegative atom thereby making the molecule polar.

A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms that are very close in electronegativity values.  The shared electron pair is located at an equidistant position from the nucleus of the both bonding atoms.

For MgCl2, the electronegativity difference is 3.0 - 1.2 = 1.8, the bond is ionic

For F2, the electronegativity difference is 4.0 -4.0 = 0, it is a pure covalent bond.

For NaCl, the electronegativity difference is 3.0 - 0.9 = 2.1, the bond is ionic