Explain how film badges, Geiger counters, and scintillation detectors are used to detect radiation and measure radiation exposure.

If two atoms are bonded to a central atom with no lone pairs,how will they be arranged

An object becomes electrically charged when: electrons are created in it electrons from it are destroyed electrons are transferred to it protons from it are destroyed protons are created in it

The bond energy for the van der waals bond between two helium atoms is 7.9×10−4ev. assuming that the average kinetic energy of a helium atom is (3/2)kbt, at what temperature is the average kinetic energy equal to the bond energy between two helium atoms