Which element requires the least i. e. potassium or gallium why

Potassium

General Formulas and Concepts:

Chem

Explanation:

The Periodic Trend for 1st Ionization Energy is increasing up and to the right. That means He would have the highest I.E and therefore take the most amount of energy to remove an electron.

Potassium and Gallium are both in Period 4. Potassium is element 19 and Gallium is element 31.

Potassium's electron configuration is [Ne] 4s¹ and Gallium's electron configurations is [Ne] 4s²3d¹⁰4p¹. Since both are in Period 4, they have the same number of core e⁻. Therefore, the shielding effect is the same.

However, since Gallium is element 31, it has 31 protons compared to Potassium, which is element 19 and has 19 protons. Gallium would have a greater Zeff than Potassium as it has more protons. Therefore, the FOA between the electrons and nucleus of Ga is much stronger than that of K. Thus, Ga requires more energy to overcome those FOA to remove the 4p¹ e⁻. Since K has less protons, it will have a smaller Zeff and thus less FOA between the e⁻ and nucleus, requiring less energy to remove the 4s¹ e⁻.

yes, water is wet, just as it makes other things wet, it is wet itself, kinda like ice, when ice is in water, the ice makes water cold, and ice is cold, therefore with that example, water is wet

  the   balanced   equation   for   reaction of   ca metal   with   o2 to   produce   cao   is as below

2 ca+ o2→ 2 cao2

  explanation

the reaction is   balanced     since the   number of atoms   in reactant side is   equal to   number of atoms   in   product side.   for   example   they   are 2   atom of   ca in   reactant   side   and   2   atoms of ca   in   the product side.

  the   process   is a   meet the   requirement   of   redox   reaction because :     calcium   is   oxidized   from   oxidation state 0   to 2+   while   oxygen   is reduced from   oxidation   state   0   to 2-