Chemistry of Life Study Guide · Define matter-
· How does weight differ from mass?
· Define element-
· Name the two main regions of the atom-
· What particles are contained in the nucleus and what are their charges?
· What particle is found in the electron cloud and what is its charge?
· What determines the atomic # of an atom?
· If you know the number of protons in an atom, how can you determine the number of electrons?
· If you know the number of protons in an atom, how can you determine the number of neutrons?
· Discuss isotopes and give an example of an isotope-
· How do you determine the atomic mass of an element?
· Why do elements tend to react with other elements?
· Which electrons determine how an element will combine with another element or elements?
· Chemical bonds store .
· How do covalent bonds form?
· How do ionic bonds form?
· In reactions the amount of product must the amount of reactants.
· Most of an organism’s energy comes from what in foods?
· Define exergonic (exothermic) reactions-
· Why is cellular respiration an exergonic (exothermic) reaction?
· Define endergonic (endothermic) reactions-
· Why is photosynthesis an endergonic (endothermic) reaction?
· Be able to identify exergonic (exothermic) and endergonic (endothermic) reactions on graphs.
· What is the function of catalysts?
· What are the biological catalysts of reactions in living things?
· Define solution-
· Define solute-
· Define solvent-
· solutions have water as the solvent and are important to .
· Acids produce what type of ion?
· Bases produce what type of ion?
· A pH of is neutral.
· List the pH range of an acid.
· List the pH range of a base.
· If a solution has a pH of 6, what would the new pH be if the concentration of H+ were increased by a 100 times?
· How many times stronger is an acid with a pH of 3 compared to an acid with a pH of 6.
· What do cells consist mostly of?
· The chemical reactions of all living things take place in the environment of the cell.
· List the 4 properties of water.
· Discuss why water is a polar molecule.
· Discuss how water being the universal solvent is so important to living things. Give an example.
· Describe the property of water cohesion and adhesion.
· Explain an example of how cohesion and adhesion is important to living things.
· Discuss the role of water as a temperature moderator using the concept of high heat capacity.
· How is the above property of water important to living things?
· Explain why ice floats using the 4th property of water from you notes.
· Why is this property of water important to living things?
· What macromolecule are most enzymes?
· Can enzymes be re-used? Explain.
· Can enzymes work on any type of substrate? Explain.
· What ending is common to the name of enzymes?
· Discuss how enzymes speed up chemical reactions using the concept of activation energy.
someone plz help