* Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. Which of the following are the correct number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons, respectively, in a neutral sodium
atom?

11 Protons, 12 Neutrons, 11 Electrons.

Explanation:

The number of protons is the same as the atomic number for any element. Since protons and neutrons both weigh about 1amu, if we subtract 11 from 23, we can find the mass of the neutrons which is 12. Since we know that the atom is a neutral atom, there is no charge which tells us that the number of protons and electrons are the same.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

while cooking a piece of 1/2 pound beef steak, a cast iron pan (2.4kg in weight) was heated 260 celsius.