Information gathered from observations and
experimentation is called?

Observing

Explanation: Information gathered in an experiment is called data, and its represents observations derived from the methods of the experiment on its sample elements.  Hope this helped! :)

the old alchemists made significant contributions to science even though there starting premises were off a bit. their conclusions after failure would steer them into better directions for investigation. science is no more than close observation and the initial mistakes result in rethinking and retrying experiments.